Macroscope | How Cop30 highlights the power of Chinese state capitalism


It is not quite true to say that China stole the show with its strong presence at the recent Cop30 climate summit in Belem, Brazil, because the United States had already voluntarily abdicated its lead role in these events. However, the summit did underline the staying power of state versus market economies when it comes to long-term investment.

The truth is that Western approaches to climate change prevention or alleviation have been half-hearted and muddled from the start. They have relied largely on uncoordinated private-sector initiatives while China has adopted a more coordinated and effective approach.

There is a strong analogy here with the provision of physical infrastructure – which includes transport, energy and communications – where China’s gleaming new facilities contrast with sometimes rusting, outdated and overburdened structures in market economies. Both situations offer lessons in comparative capitalism.

The reason is that when it comes to the need for huge and long-term capital investments with uncertain returns financially, though not socially, market economies tend to fall short. The free market simply does not deliver the goods at the scale required.

The shortcomings of relying on the free market to channel resources where they are most needed became even clearer during the UN climate conference in Brazil. Reuters led its November 15 report from Belem with this: “With the United States absent from the UN annual international climate summit for the first time in three decades, China is stepping into the limelight as a leader in the fight against global warming.”

The same report also quoted California Governor Gavin Newsom as saying, “China gets it. America is toast competitively if we don’t wake up to what the hell they’re doing in this space, on supply chains, how they’re dominating manufacturing, how they’re flooding the zone.”
California Governor Gavin Newsom speaks during an interview at the Cop30 UN climate summit on November 11 in Belem, Brazil. Photo: AP
California Governor Gavin Newsom speaks during an interview at the Cop30 UN climate summit on November 11 in Belem, Brazil. Photo: AP
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